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Keystone Resort — Rain Susceptibility

Based on 1986-87 through 2025-26 (40 ski seasons) of historical ERA5-Land weather data.

Score version: RSS_V5_PERCENTILE_COMPOSITE_DEC1_APR15_1986_2026 · calculated Sep 27, 2026 · dataset: reanalysis-era5-land-timeseries

Keystone Resort
Rain Susceptibility Score
(0=low, 100=high)
4
Rain Resilience Score 96
Overall Confidence MODERATE
Percentile: future rain (+2°C)5.0
Percentile: conversion exposure (+2°C)5.0
Percentile: significant rain days (+2°C)2.7
ERA5 grid location39.6, -105.9 — grid elevation 3405 m
Ski-season precip climatology190 mm/season across 584 precip hours/season

Observed history: 1986-87 to 2025-26

Not a stress test — this is the actual real weather record, at the same elevations, with no synthetic warming applied. Compare its size to the hypothetical +1/+2/+3°C scenarios below to see how much warming has already happened vs. how much more the stress tests represent.

Each point is one real ski season's precip-weighted rain fraction — not smoothed or averaged, so year-to-year variability (a wet La Niña year, a dry cycle, etc.) is visible directly rather than hidden inside a multi-year average.

Keystone Resort
1986-87 to 2005-06 (first half avg.)1.37%
2006-07 to 2025-26 (second half avg.)1.09%
Observed change (half-vs-half average)-0.27% points

Rain fraction by elevation band and warming scenario

Precipitation-weighted share of ski-season precipitation estimated to fall as rain, not snow.

Band Elevation vs. grid elev. Confidence Current +1°C +2°C +3°C
Base 2829 m -576 m MODERATE 2.5% 4.6% 7.9% 12.5%
Mid 3243 m -162 m GOOD 0.5% 1.3% 2.6% 4.9%
Summit 3657 m 252 m GOOD 0.1% 0.2% 0.6% 1.4%

Rain fraction vs. warming, by elevation band

Underlying conditions during precipitation (geeky detail)

Precip-weighted distribution of wet-bulb temperature, dry-bulb temperature, and relative humidity during ski-season precipitation hours -- the actual data behind the rain fraction above, plus the phase curve applied to it. Not used in scoring; here purely for transparency.

Wet-bulb temperature (with phase curve overlaid)

Dry-bulb temperature

Relative humidity